Products Handled
Petroleum products accepted for storage and distribution
Facility handles automotive fuels, aviation kerosene, and heating products meeting European quality standards. All products undergo laboratory verification upon reception.
Product Categories
Petroleum products accepted at terminal
Terminal infrastructure designed for storage and handling of various petroleum product grades complying with Polish and EU specifications.
Gasoline 95 Octane
Automotive gasoline meeting EN 228 standard. Research octane number (RON) minimum 95. Motor octane number (MON) minimum 85. Contains up to 10% ethanol (E10 blend). Used for passenger vehicles with gasoline engines. Typical storage volume at facility: 15,000-20,000 m³.
Technical Specifications:
- Density at 15°C: 720-775 kg/m³
- Research octane number (RON): 95.0 minimum
- Motor octane number (MON): 85.0 minimum
- Vapor pressure: 45-90 kPa (seasonal)
- Ethanol content: maximum 10% volume (E10)
- Sulfur content: maximum 10 mg/kg
- Aromatics: maximum 35% volume
- Benzene: maximum 1.0% volume
Primary application: fuel for spark-ignition automotive engines. Suitable for vehicles manufactured from 2000 onwards with E10 compatibility. Distribution to retail fuel stations throughout central Poland region.
Gasoline 98 Octane
Premium automotive gasoline meeting EN 228 standard. Research octane number (RON) minimum 98. Motor octane number (MON) minimum 88. Lower ethanol content typically 5% maximum (E5). Used for high-performance engines and premium vehicle segment. Typical storage volume at facility: 5,000-8,000 m³.
Technical Specifications:
- Density at 15°C: 720-775 kg/m³
- Research octane number (RON): 98.0 minimum
- Motor octane number (MON): 88.0 minimum
- Vapor pressure: 45-90 kPa (seasonal)
- Ethanol content: maximum 5% volume (E5)
- Sulfur content: maximum 10 mg/kg
- Aromatics: maximum 35% volume
- Lead content: none (unleaded)
Primary application: premium fuel for high-performance spark-ignition engines. Recommended for turbocharged engines, sports vehicles, and manufacturers specifying 98 RON fuel. Lower ethanol content suitable for classic vehicles and motorcycles.
Diesel Fuel EN 590
Automotive diesel fuel meeting EN 590 European standard. Cetane number minimum 51. Contains up to 7% FAME biodiesel (B7 blend). Ultra-low sulfur content (maximum 10 mg/kg). Used for compression-ignition diesel engines. Largest volume product at facility: typical storage 35,000-45,000 m³.
Technical Specifications:
- Density at 15°C: 820-845 kg/m³
- Cetane number: 51.0 minimum
- Sulfur content: maximum 10 mg/kg
- Flash point: 55°C minimum
- FAME content: maximum 7.0% volume (B7)
- CFPP winter: -20°C maximum
- CFPP arctic: -32°C maximum
- Polycyclic aromatics: maximum 8% mass
Primary application: fuel for automotive diesel engines (passenger cars, trucks, buses). Suitable for modern common-rail diesel engines with particulate filters and catalytic converters. Seasonal grades available: summer (-10°C CFPP), winter (-20°C CFPP), arctic (-32°C CFPP).
Aviation Kerosene Jet A-1
Aviation turbine fuel meeting ASTM D1655 and DEF STAN 91-91 specifications. Kerosene-type jet fuel for turbine engines. Freezing point maximum -47°C. Used for commercial and military aviation. Typical storage volume at facility: 3,000-5,000 m³. Storage in dedicated tanks to prevent contamination.
Technical Specifications:
- Density at 15°C: 775-840 kg/m³
- Flash point: 38°C minimum
- Freezing point: -47°C maximum
- Aromatics: maximum 25% volume
- Sulfur content: maximum 3,000 mg/kg
- Smoke point: 25 mm minimum
- Net heat of combustion: 42.8 MJ/kg minimum
- Particulates: per ARP 1401 standard
Primary application: fuel for gas turbine aircraft engines. Used in commercial aviation, business jets, military aircraft, helicopters with turbine engines. Product distributed to regional airports and aviation fuel suppliers. Strict contamination control procedures applied.
Light Heating Oil
Light fuel oil for heating applications. Similar specification to diesel fuel but not subject to automotive fuel taxation. Used in residential and commercial heating systems. Dyed red to distinguish from automotive diesel. Typical storage volume at facility: 5,000-10,000 m³ (seasonal demand peaks in autumn).
Technical Specifications:
- Density at 15°C: 820-860 kg/m³
- Sulfur content: maximum 1,000 mg/kg
- Flash point: 55°C minimum
- Cetane number: 45 minimum (typical)
- CFPP: -10°C maximum (standard grade)
- Water content: 200 mg/kg maximum
- Color: red dye marker added
- Viscosity at 20°C: 1.5-6.0 mm²/s
Primary application: fuel for oil-fired heating boilers in residential buildings, commercial facilities, industrial heating systems. Seasonal demand pattern with peak consumption October-March. Red dye prevents use in automotive vehicles (tax enforcement measure).
Blending Components
Fuel blending components stored for gasoline and diesel production. Components include: bioethanol (denatured, for E10 blending), ETBE (ethyl tert-butyl ether, octane enhancer), FAME biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters, for B7 blending). Components stored separately and blended per customer specifications.
Component Specifications:
- Bioethanol: purity 99.5% minimum, water 0.3% maximum
- ETBE: purity 98% minimum, octane blending value 118 RON
- FAME: meets EN 14214 standard, ester content 96.5% minimum
- Storage: separate tanks to prevent cross-contamination
- Dosing accuracy: ±0.5% of target blend ratio
- Quality verification: post-blend testing mandatory
Used for producing finished automotive fuels meeting renewable energy mandates. Bioethanol blended into gasoline up to 10% (E10). FAME blended into diesel up to 7% (B7). ETBE used for octane enhancement in premium gasoline. Blending operations conducted per EU fuel quality directives.
Quality Standards Applied
Regulatory specifications and testing methods
All products handled meet European Union fuel quality directives and Polish national standards. Laboratory verification conducted per ISO methods.
EN 228 - Automotive Gasoline
European standard specifying requirements for automotive gasoline. Covers unleaded gasoline with and without oxygenates. Key parameters: octane ratings (RON, MON), vapor pressure, distillation characteristics, sulfur content, aromatics content, benzene content, ethanol content (E5 and E10 grades). Testing methods specified: ISO 5164 (octane), ISO 3405 (distillation), ISO 20846 (sulfur).
EN 590 - Automotive Diesel
European standard for automotive diesel fuel. Specifies requirements for compression-ignition engines. Key parameters: cetane number minimum 51, density, distillation characteristics, sulfur content maximum 10 mg/kg, FAME content up to 7%, cold flow properties (CFPP), lubricity. Testing methods: ISO 5165 (cetane), ISO 12185 (density), ISO 20846 (sulfur), EN 116 (cold flow).
ASTM D1655 - Aviation Turbine Fuels
American standard for aviation kerosene (Jet A-1). Used internationally for commercial and military aviation fuel. Key requirements: freezing point -47°C maximum, flash point 38°C minimum, density range, aromatics content, thermal stability, contamination limits. Additional requirements: DEF STAN 91-91 (UK military standard) often applied in parallel.
ISO 17025 Laboratory Accreditation
International standard for testing and calibration laboratories. Facility laboratory accredited by Polish Centre for Accreditation (PCA) under ISO 17025. Covers: technical competence, management system, quality assurance, traceability of measurements, proficiency testing participation. Accreditation ensures test results accepted internationally. Annual surveillance audits conducted.
Storage Conditions
Product preservation and handling protocols
Storage conditions maintained to preserve product quality during terminal operations.
Temperature Control
Tank temperature monitoring via RTD sensors (accuracy ±0.5°C). Typical storage temperatures: gasoline 10-30°C, diesel 5-30°C, jet fuel 5-25°C. No active heating or cooling system (ambient temperature storage). Temperature recorded every 15 minutes via SCADA. Alerts triggered if temperature exceeds product specification limits. Data retention: 5 years for regulatory compliance.
Oxygen Exclusion
Nitrogen blanketing system on gasoline and jet fuel tanks. Nitrogen purity: 98% minimum (food grade). Maintains inert atmosphere in vapor space. Prevents oxidation and gum formation during storage. Pressure maintained: 50-150 mbar gauge. Nitrogen consumption: approximately 5 m³ per month per tank. System supplied by onsite nitrogen generator (PSA type).
Water Removal
Daily water drain procedure from tank bottoms. Water detection via tank bottom sampling (visual inspection). Water removed through drain valves to separated collection system. Typical water accumulation: 5-20 liters daily per tank (from condensation and product moisture). Water content in stored product maintained below 50 mg/kg. Monthly tank bottom inspection conducted.
Contamination Control
Product segregation maintained throughout storage. Dedicated tanks for product types (no mixing of gasoline/diesel/jet fuel in same tank). Filters on all transfer lines: coalescer filters at reception (5 micron), cartridge filters at loading (150 micron). Tank cleaning conducted between different product grades. Particulate monitoring per ISO 4406 standard. Cross-contamination prevention verified through laboratory testing.
Product Handling Procedures
Reception and dispatch protocols
Documented procedures ensure product quality maintenance from reception through storage to final dispatch.
Reception Inspection
Vehicle/rail car arrival. Documentation verification: transport certificate, quality certificate, quantity declaration. Seal inspection (integrity verification). Visual inspection: vehicle/car condition, no visible leaks, proper labeling present. Sample collection from vehicle/car for laboratory analysis. Approval required before unloading: test results within specification, documentation complete, tank allocation confirmed.
Unloading and Metering
Connection to designated unloading position. Grounding cable attached (resistance verified below 10 ohms). Product transfer via dedicated pipeline to allocated tank. Flow metering during transfer: mass flow measurement with temperature compensation. Transfer rate: 150-200 m³/hour typical. Tank level monitoring during unloading. Transfer completion: pipeline draining, hose disconnection, seal removal, documentation of received volume.
Storage Monitoring
Continuous monitoring during storage period. Parameters tracked: tank level (radar gauge, accuracy ±2 mm), temperature (multiple sensors, recorded every 15 minutes), pressure (vapor space monitoring). Daily inspection: water drain from tank bottom, visual check for leaks, system alarms review. Weekly inspection: sample collection for visual assessment, tank roof condition check. Monthly inspection: comprehensive tank inspection, equipment calibration verification.
Pre-Dispatch Verification
Loading request received from client (4-24 hours advance notice depending on service package). Pre-loading sample collection from storage tank. Laboratory analysis (standard or abbreviated depending on storage duration). Results verification: comparison to acceptance data, confirmation within specification limits. Loading authorization issued upon satisfactory test results. Loading bay assignment and scheduling confirmation sent to client.
Loading and Dispatch
Vehicle/rail car arrival at loading bay. Vehicle inspection: condition check, capacity verification, proper labeling. Grounding cable connection. Bottom loading operation: loading arm connection, flow initiation, metering during transfer, vapor recovery system operational. Loading completion: flow stop at target volume, arm disconnection, drain time (2 minutes minimum). Seal application. Documentation: loading ticket (volume, density, temperature, mass), quality certificate, transport document. Vehicle departure authorization.
Seasonal Product Variations
Winter and summer fuel grades
Certain products have seasonal specifications to ensure performance in varying weather conditions.
Gasoline Vapor Pressure (Seasonal)
Vapor pressure adjusted seasonally per EN 228 requirements. Summer period (May 1 - September 30): vapor pressure 45-90 kPa. Transition periods (April, October): vapor pressure 50-90 kPa. Winter period (November 1 - March 31): vapor pressure 60-90 kPa. Higher winter vapor pressure ensures cold start performance. Tank changeover conducted during transition months. Blending with butane used for winter grade production.
Diesel Cold Flow Properties
Diesel grades vary by cold filter plugging point (CFPP). Summer grade (April 16 - September 30): CFPP -10°C maximum. Winter grade (October 1 - April 15): CFPP -20°C maximum. Arctic grade (available on request): CFPP -32°C maximum. Cold flow additives used to achieve winter specifications. Cloud point and pour point also specified. Testing conducted per EN 116 standard. Tank changeover occurs September/October and April each year.
Heating Oil Seasonal Demand
Heating oil demand highly seasonal with peak during heating season. Storage volume allocation: October-March: 8,000-10,000 m³ typically allocated. April-September: 2,000-5,000 m³ typically allocated. Peak delivery months: September and October (pre-winter stocking). Lowest demand: June-August. Facility adjusts tank allocation seasonally to accommodate demand patterns. Winter grade heating oil (improved cold flow) available October-March.